娱乐性用水中隐孢子虫健康风险评价研究概况

Risk Assessment for Cryptosporidium in Recreational Water

隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium sp.)是寄生于人和其他多种动物胃肠道的一类致病性原生动物,可经介水性途径传播造成人群感染,给公共卫生安全带来隐患,而娱乐性用水近年来已成为隐孢子虫介水性传播的主要媒介。定量微生物风险评价(QMRA)是评价和控制细菌、病毒等病原微生物健康风险的有效方法之一,也可应用于隐孢子虫等寄生虫的健康风险评价。按照QMRA框架,就娱乐性用水隐孢子虫健康风险评价中危害识别、暴露评估、剂量-效应评估和风险表征等方面的研究概况作综述,旨在为国内开展水源性隐孢子虫健康风险评价与管理提供思路。

Cryptosporidium species are coccidian protozoan parasites in humans and many animals. They cancause waterborne outbreaks, which pose serious threats to public health. For the past few years, recreationalwater was increasingly recognized as the major media of waterborne cryptosporidiosis. Quantitative microbial riskassessment （QMRA） is one of the useful methods to predict potential human health risks for bacterial and virus.It is also used for parasite such as Cryptosporidium. In this review, new advances and perspectives in studies ofrisk assessment for Cryptosporidium in recreational water, based on frame of QMRA, were summarized. It wouldprovide useful information for further studies on waterborne cryptosporidiosis.