广西城乡4～6年级小学生高血压相关知识知晓和行为认知及知识来源现状分析

Analysis of knowledge awareness, behavioral cognition and knowledge sources related to hypertension in the primary school students of urban and rural areas in Guangxi

目的了解广西城乡小学生高血压相关知识、态度及知识来源现状,为制定切实可行的针对小学生高血压、肥胖等慢性病的预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广西4个县（市、区）,并从每个县（市、区）分别抽取城市小学和农村小学各1所（共8所小学）,对4-6年级小学生填写的＂小学生健康行为问卷＂中有关高血压防治知识、行为态度及知识来源等数据进行分析,应用SPSS 20.0软件进行χ2检验。结果被调查的小学生共3 070名。高血压标准及相关知识：知晓＂超重和肥胖的健康危害＂的比例最高（47.5%）,知晓＂成人高血压诊断标准＂的比例最低（6.7%）;高血压或血压升高的危险因素：超重或肥胖、过量饮酒、高盐饮食、糖尿病、吸烟和遗传的知晓率分别为48.4%、44.2%、30.7%、30.0%、29.4%和26.4%;在高血压预防措施方面,常测血压、控制体重、限酒、多吃水产品和限盐的知晓率分别为47.5%、44.1%、38.9%、32.7%和29.4%。高血压预防应控制体重和超重肥胖容易导致高血压或血压升高知晓组学生持正确饮食、身体活动认知态度的比例均明显高于不知晓组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。城市学生对高血压知识的知晓率和持有正确认知态度的比例高于农村,女生对高血压或血压升高的危险因素和预防措施的知晓率高于男生,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。被调查的小学生中,最信任的知识主要来源于老师讲课（45.5%）,饮食习惯受家人的影响最大（54.6%）。结论广西城乡4-6年级小学生高血压防治相关知识知晓率低,应加强小学生的健康教育与促进活动,提升高血压防控核心知识的知晓和健康行为水平,对培养小学生健康意识和行为方式将有所帮助。

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and knowledge sources related to hypertension in primary school students of Guangxi urban and rural areas, and to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control strategy of hypertension, obesity and other chronic diseases in primary school students. Methods The stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 8 primary schools in 4 counties（cities or districts） of Guangxi, and the questionnaire data about knowledge, behavior attitude and knowledge sources of hypertension prevention and treatment in 4-6 grade students in the primary schools was analyzed. The χ2test was used to analyze the data with SPSS 20.0 software. Results A total of 3 070 primary school students served as the subjects. Hypertension criteria and related knowledge： the awareness proportion of ＂health hazard due to overweight and obesity＂ was the highest（47.5%）, the awareness proportion of ＂adult hypertension diagnostic criteria＂ was the lowest（6.7%）. Hypertension or hypertension risk factors： the awareness rates of overweight（obesity）, excessive drinking, high salt diet, diabetes, smoking and genetic were 48.4%, 44.2%, 30.7%, 30.0%, 29.4% and 26.4%, respectively; awareness rates of common measuring blood pressure, controlling body weight, limited drinking, eating more fruits and salt limit were 47.5%, 44.1%,38.9%, 32.7% and 29.4%, respectively. It was found that the proportion of correct diet and physical activity in the group with controlling body weight was significantly higher than that of group without controlling body weight（P〈0.01）. The awareness rates of hypertension knowledge and correct cognition altitude in urban students were significantly higher than those in rural students,and the awareness rates of risk factors for hypertension and blood pressure increase in female students were significantly higher than those in male students（P〈0.05）. The most trusted knowledge resource was the teacher＇s lecture（45.5%）, the impact of family on diet habits was the biggest（54.6%）. Conclusion The awareness rate of hypertension prevention and control knowledge among urban and rural primary school students in Guangxi is low, and the health education and promotion action for primary school students should be strengthened to improve the awareness of the core knowledge and health behaviors of hypertension prevention and control, and it is helpful for primary school students to develop the health awareness and behavior altitude.