环卫服务外包中的正式契约、关系契约与外包效果——以深圳市为例

An Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Formal Contracts and Relational Contracts on Outcomes: Environmental Sanitation Outsourcing in Shenzhen

从环卫服务外包实践和已有研究成果出发,运用扎根理论研究方法构建环卫服务外包中正式契约和关系契约对外包效果影响的概念模型,并在模型中考虑了政府合同管理能力这一重要变量;接着对深圳市环卫服务外包相关部门进行问卷调查,并运用结构方程模型(SEM)对假设进行验证。结果表明,正式契约与关系契约都对外包效果产生正向影响,而正式契约对外包效果的影响小于关系契约对外包效果的影响,可见,在环卫服务外包中,关系契约是正式契约重要的补充者;正式契约的严密性与外包效果呈负相关关系,与研究假设相反,表明在我国现行背景下,过于严密的合同不利于保证外包效果;关系契约对外包效果有着重要的影响作用,且关系契约中信任和伙伴性对保证外包效果至关重要,表明政府会选择其信任的且与其有过合作经历的服务商进行合作;同时,政府合同管理能力在环卫服务外包中起到了非常重要的作用。

This paper focuses on the environmental sanitationservices outsourcing. Using relevant,grounded theory research methods,a conceptual model is constructedthat captures the influence of formal contracts and relational contracts on the outcomes of environmental sanitation outsourcing. Within the model, government contract management capability ismade an important variable. The responses from a questionnaire survey about Shenzhen environmental sanitation service outsourcing were then applied to the model. SEM was used to test the influence of formal contract, relational contract, and management capability on the outcomes of environmental sanitation outsourcing. The model results show that in the process of environmental sanitationservices outsourcing,formal contracts have less influence than relational contracts on the outcomes. The stringency of formal contracts has a reverse influence on the outsourcing outcomes which is contrary to the research hypothesis. Relational contracts have a significant influence on the outcomes of environmental sanitation outsourcing,especially belief and partnership. Another factor- the contract management capability of local government- also plays a very important role on the outcomes.