发达国家老龄友善城市建设轨迹及其借鉴意义

Study of the Age- friendly City in Developed Countries

老龄友善城市的建设,指从老年人口视角考量城市或社区的户外活动空间、交通、住房条件等建设状况,同时给予老年人口充分的尊重,大力支持老年人口参与社会,并提供老年人口社区卫生保健及生活需求的各项服务等。发达国家老龄友善城市建设起步较早且呈现出三个主要特点:一是从建设轨迹上看,各国老龄友善城市建设与"在地安老"的逻辑起点一致,前者是后者的政策推进;二是各国老龄友善城市建设与老年阶段的三项制度安排(公共养老金、医疗保险与长期照护保险)存在政策协同效应;三是老龄友善城市建设项目符合人类生态学理论的运行机制。研究提示要利用以实证为基础的政策制定推动我国老龄友善城市建设。

The policy of 'Global Age- friendly Cities: A Guide',published by WHO,is consistent with 'Aging in Place'in terms of logistics. The construction ofA ge- friendly Cities includesbuilding outdoor spaces and buildings,housing,and transportation,from the perspective of the elderly. The goals in doing so are to support the social participation of the elderly, to provide community health care to the elderly,etc. The policy of Age- friendly Cities is synergistic with the already existing social systems,including public pension, healthcare and long term care, etc., in many developed countries. This paper also discusses the mechanisms of policies toward the elderly from the view of human ecology theory. Creating Age- friendly Cities as well as long term care in order to reduce the medical expenses of the elderly in China are necessary steps.