也谈清代吉林的南海巡查

A Re-examination of Nanhai Patrols in Jilin of the Qing Dynasty

聂有财《清代珲春巡查南海问题初探》一文,对吉林所辖南海地区的岛屿巡查进行了探讨。清朝对南海地区的控制一直相当严密,除图们江口到绥芬河口的沿海地带由珲春驻防官兵负责驻守外,陆路绥芬河口以东的南海沿岸及其以北山场,由宁古塔副都统衙门每年派遣官兵前往巡查;水路的南海水域并搜楞吉等南海岛屿,则由珲春协领衙门每年派遣官兵巡查。聂有财在文章中对陆路巡查与水路巡查未予区分,导致对巡查人员、巡查时间、巡查路线等问题的叙述存在不妥之处。本文主要依据满汉文档案史料,对清代的南海巡查问题再予探讨,兼与聂先生商榷。

Professor Nie Youcai’s essay,An Investigation of Hunchun Local Government Patrols in the Nanhai Area in Qing Dynasty,examined island patrols in Nanhai under the control of Jilin. The government tightly controlled the patrol of Nanhai throughout the Qing Dynasty,with the coastal area from the estuary of Tumen River to the mouth of Suifen River garrisoned by soldiers from Hunchun,and the overland area of Nanhai east to Suifen River including mountain farms northwards patrolled yearly by soldiers under the Vice Commander-in-chief of the Ningguta Yamen. However, patrolling the waterway in Nanhai,including Seorenggi islands,had been always done annuallyby soldiers under the Assistant Commandant of the Hunchun Yamen. In his essay,Professor Nie did not distinguish land patrols from water patrols,which may lead to some misunderstandings about patrolling staff,time and route. My paper will reexamine this problem based on Manchu and Han language archival records.