失重/模拟失重对内皮细胞的影响实验研究进展

Experimental Research Progress on the Effects of Real or Simulated Microgravity on Endothelial Cells

血管内皮作为血管壁的衬里,参与调节组织器官的局部血流和机体其它生理进程,在维持血管完整性和内环境稳定中发挥关键作用。内皮细胞对包括重力在内的机械应力刺激极为敏感,重力变化可对其形态和功能构成不同程度的影响。研究发现,失重/模拟失重通过诱导内皮细胞细胞骨架重塑、质膜caveolae重布,使其合成分泌血管活性物质、炎性介质的能力以及细胞表面粘附分子表达发生改变,这些分子变化又对内皮细胞的生长、增殖、凋亡、迁移和血管生成等具有精细调控作用。本文综合评述了失重/模拟失重对内皮细胞功能的影响,同时围绕文献报道中一些尚存争议的观点进行了适当讨论。

The endothelial cells（ECs）, which line the inner surface of vessels, play a fundamental role in maintaining vascular integrity and tissue homeostasis, since they participate in regulating local blood flow and other physiological processes of the body. ECs are highly sensitive to mechanical stress, including microgravity. Several studies have found that ECs commonly undergo morphological and functional changes in response to alterations of gravity. Both microgravity and simulated microgravity lead to changes in the production and expression of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules in ECs, which mainly result from changes in the remodelling of the cytoskeleton and the distribution of plasma membrane caveolae. These molecular modifications finely control cell survival, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis. In this paper, a comprehensive review is given on the effects of microgravity/simulated microgravity on ECs functions, some controversial issues reported in the literature are discussed at the same time.