语言演变的稳定性和趋同性

Stability and Convergence of Language Change

人类语言的物种特点蕴含了语言演化和语言演变两个与生物学相关的问题。语言演变是多因素诱发下的多方向渐变过程,基本发生在语音和词汇等表层表达层次。以汉字的文字系统、语言表达经济原则和形态变化等推导出世界语言演化的趋同性,认为汉语是人类语言的发展方向,既不符合语言事实,又与当代语言学研究成果相背,不具有合理性。人类语言是生物普遍性和生态多样性辩证统一。

Species property of human language entails two biologically relevant issues, i.e. language evo-lution and language change. The paper argues that language change, generically displayed on expression struc-tures such as phonology and morphology, is an incremental process triggered by multi -factors. It is insuffi-cient to claim that Chinese is the direction of all language changes based on convergence of reforming language writing system, economy principle of expression, and morphology change, which is inconsistent with language data, and contradictory to current researches as well. Human language is a perfect unity of biological universal and biological variety.