自我控制的力量模型:竞技领域中的研究进展

The Strength Model of Self-Control:Progress in the Field of Sport

自我控制的力量模型认为,自我控制行为是一个过程,且自我控制的能量有限,先前的自我控制任务所消耗的能量未得到及时恢复,就会出现自我损耗状态,进而导致后续自我控制任务的操作成绩下降。研究介绍了近年来该模型在竞技领域中的研究与应用,其中包括知觉动作、起跑反应时、运动决策、训练坚持性、运动攻击行为以及服用兴奋剂等。讨论了研究者在自我损耗机制方面提出的能量有限、能量分配、意志力信念和转移重心模型等观点,总结了自我控制的力量模型与注意控制理论、自我决定理论的整合研究思路。研究认为,未来竞技领域中的自我控制研究,应构建自动化和控制加工的双重加工理论框架,发展更具生态学效度的研究方法及探究脑机制的研究方法,拓展自我损耗应对方式和提高自我控制训练的可操作性。

Based on strength model of self-control,it asserts that self-control act can be described as a process as well as human self-control resources are limitied.After having worked on prior self-control task,the energy can deplete and is not immediately replenished.During this state,termed ego depletion,subsequent self-control tasks may become worse performance.In this paper,we report on a study on research and application of this model in the competitive field recently,including perceptual motor,sprint time,decision making in sport,the sport of training,aggression in sport,doping in sport,and so on.Moreover,in terms of ego depletion mechanism,we discuss the limited energy theory,energy allocation,will power belief and shifting priorities model.We also summarize the research approach to not only intergrate strength model of self-control and attention control theory but also combine with strength model of selfcontrol and self-determination theory.The findings provide further insights into our understanding of self control theory in the field of sport,it is tentatively proposed that more scientific research paradigm and self-control application reseach can be accessed based on the framework of the dual-process theories,aiming to develop more ecological validity research methods,explore the mechanism of brain meanwhile improve the operability of ego-depeltion coping and self-control training.