两种环境下玉米单倍体注射法与自然加倍研究

Study on the Effectiveness of Haploid Maize Doubling by Injection and Spontaneous under Two Environments

以玉米杂交种正大619为母本,单倍体诱导系桂诱1号诱导其产生的单倍体为材料,在温室大棚和大田两种环境下,采用秋水仙素注射法和自然加倍法进行单倍体加倍处理,对两种环境下不同加倍方法的散粉率和吐丝率进行方差分析。对散粉率的分析表明,在温室大棚环境下散粉率比在大田中有极显著提高,温室大棚中注射法与自然加倍散粉率分别是12.02%和13.97%,大田中分别为9.27%和6.87%。不同环境与加倍处理方法间的互作有显著差异,在温室大棚环境下,自然加倍法对提高散粉率的效果最好。对吐丝率的分析表明,吐丝率在温室大棚与大田环境之间有显著差异,大棚环境中注射法与自然加倍吐丝率分别是99.30%和99.37%,大田中分别为97.76%和96.36%。在育种基地创造适宜的玉米单倍体生长环境,自然加倍法也能够获得可观的雄穗散粉率,并提高雌穗吐丝率,从而提高单倍体育种效率。

The haploid plants from a maize hybrid variety Zhengda619 as female parent induced by the haploid inducer ＂Guiyou 1＂ euhivated in two environments i.e. in greenhouses and field, followed by colchicine injection and natural doubling methods in order to optimize doubling methods for a better use of haploid technology. Variance analysis was adopted to the pollen exposure rate and the silking rate of haploid plants population in the two environ- ments. The analysis showed that the pollen exposure rate in the greenhouse is higher than that in field with highly significant level, the pollen exposure rate of colehieine injections and natural doubling method were 12.02% and 13.97% in greenhouse; 9.27% and 6.87% in field respectively. The highly significant difference between the two en- vironments and the two doubling methods showed that in the greenhouse environment, natural doubling was the best method for haploid doubling. Analysis of the silking rate showed that significant differences were observed between greenhouse and field environment. The silking rate of colchicine injection and natural doubling were 99.30% and 99.37% in greenhouse, 97.76% and 96.36% in field respectively. Improve the efficiency of the haploid breeding technology can be achieved via create appropriate growth condition for maize haploid plants in local breeding sta- tion, which considerable pollen exposure rate through natural doubling method can be obtained and the silking rate also increased simultaneously.