氮肥运筹对春玉米产量、养分吸收和转运的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Management on Yield, Nutrient Absorption and Translocation of Spring Maize

研究氮肥不同运筹方式对玉米产量、养分吸收利用、转运及分配的影响。结果表明，基肥：拔节期：抽雄期施氮比例为3：4：3处理玉米产量和氮肥利用效率最高，较其他基追比例处理增产3．2％～20．5％，氮收获指数、当季回收率、农学利用率和偏生产力分别提高2．0—5-3个百分点、2,0—21．3个百分点、2-3—10．0kg／kg和2．3～10．0kg／kg。施氮可显著增加玉米主要生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量，并可提高玉米抽雄期氮、磷、钾养分向子粒转运和子粒养分增加量，其中基肥：拔节期：抽雄期施氮比例为3：4：3处理玉米灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收量最高，成熟期子粒氮、磷、钾积累总量高于其他基追比例处理。相关分析结果表明，玉米各生育期氮、磷、钾吸收间存在显著或极显著的正向相关，且除苗期外，其他生育期氮、磷、钾吸收量与产量均存在极显著正相关，灌浆期氮、磷、钾吸收状况与产量相关系数最大。

The effect of different nitrogen fertilizer management on maize yield, nutrient absorption and utiliza- tion, translocation and distribution were studied. The results showed that maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency were the highest, and maize yield, N harvest index, recovery rate in the quarter, agriculture utilization and partial productivity increased by 3.2%-20.5%, 2.0-5.3 percentage point, 2.0-21.3 percentage point, 2.3-10.0 kg/kg and 2.3-10.0 kg/kg at the ratio of 3：4：3 （basal N, jointing N and tasseling N） than the other treatments at different ratio of basal and topdressing in different nitrogen fertilizer management, respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer application could significantly increase absorption amount of N, P and K at main growth period, and improve translocation amount of N, P and K to grains and the increment of grain nutrients at the tasseling stage of maize. The total absorp- tion amount of N, P, K was the highest at the ratio of 3 ： 4 ： 3 （basal N, jointing N and tasseling N） at filling stage, and the total accumulation amount of N, P, K was higher than the other treatment at different ratio of basal and topdress- ing at mature stage. Correlation analysis showed that absorption of N, P and K had a significant or extremely signifi- cant positive relationship at each growing stage under nitrogen fertilizer management. Absorption of N, P and K at other growing stage was extremely significantly positive relationship with yield except at seedling stage, of which the correlation coefficients was the highest between yield and absorption condition of N, P and K at filling stage.