北京地区不同施肥方式对土壤脲酶及春玉米生长的影响

Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Soil Urease and Spring Maize Growth in Beijing Region

采用大区试验方法，研究底肥＋人工追肥、底肥＋机械中耕追肥、缓释肥一次性底施3种不同施肥方式对土壤脲酶和春玉米光合速率、产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明，两个试验点均表现为缓释肥处理0—40cm土壤脲酶活性最高，抽雄期与灌浆期缓释肥处理均显著高于机械追肥、人工追肥处理，机械追肥、人工追肥处理间没有显著差异；成熟期3个处理0～40cm土壤脲酶差异均不显著。缓释肥处理显著增加春玉米株高、净光合速率和穗长、穗粒数，从而显著提高春玉米产量。与机械追肥、人工追肥相比，缓释肥处理春玉米产量分别增加22．48％和17．03％。

An experiment was conducted that with three fertilization methods including base fertilizer ＋ artifi- cial topdressing applications, base fertilizer ＋ mechanical topdressing applications and disposable side slow-release fertilizer by the test method of large area in Miyun and Yanqing County. The results showed that the urease of slow- release fertilizing application at 0-40 cm layer was the highest, which was significantly higher than the mechanical topdressing and artificial topdressing at tasselling and filling stages, but the difference between mechanical topdress- ing and artificial topdressing treatments was not significant, and there was no significant difference of urease at 0- 40 cm layer between all three treatments at maturity. Slow-release fertilizer treatment also significantly increased the plant height and net photosynthetic rate of leaves at tasselling and filling stages, length and grains per spike of spring maize at maturity, thereby significantly improved the spring maize yield. Compared with the mechanical and artificial topdressing applications, spring maize＇ s yield for slow-release fertilizer was increased by 22.48% and 17,03% respectively.