欧洲国家“双证书”互认的经验及其对我国的启示

Experience of Mutual Recognition of “Dual-certificate” in European Countries and Its Implications for China

"双证书"即学历证书和职业资格证书,"双证书"制度强调学历证书和职业资格证书的互认。欧洲国家"双证书"互认制度的实践经历了确认"双证书"的等值性和互认的参考标准,建立欧洲资格框架推动区域内各级各类资格证书的互认,探索学分累积和转换系统的历程,积累了"双证书"互认的经验:统一资格证书等级,确立"双证书"互认参考标准;依托学分制,累积和转换资格证书表征的学习成果;建立质量保障体系,确保"双证书"互认的高质量。欧洲国家"双证书"互认的成功经验对我国的启示有三:建立国家资格框架,明确国家资格互认标准;将学分制作为"双证书"互认的工具,学分作为表征、计量、储存学习成果的依据;加强证书质量保障制度。

＂Dual-certificate＂ means diplomas and vocational qualification certificate, which are the basic elements of national qualifications framework. ＂Dual certificate＂ system emphasizes mutual recognition of diplomas and vocational qualification certificates. The practice of ＂dual-certificate＂ mutual recognition system in European countries goes throngh three stages, which includes the assurance of the equivalence of ＂dual-certificate＂ and the reference standards for mutual recognition, the establishment of a European framework to promote mutual recognition of qualifications at all levels within the European area, and the exploration of credits accumulation and trans^rmation system. The practice of European countries accumulates some successful experiences, which include the establishment of a unified qualification level for mutual recognition reference standard; depending on credit system to accumulate and transform learning outcomes contained in qualifications, and the establishment of quality assurance system to ensure the same high quality of mutual recognition qualifications. Their successfnl experience inspires us in three aspects： firstly, clear mutual recognition standards thrnugh setting up the national qualifications framework; secondly, use credit system as a tool ~or mutual recognition, and regard credit as the proof of representation, estimation and reservation of learning outcomes; thirdly, enhance the qualifications quality assurance system.