土壤基础地力对水稻体系的增产与稳产作用研究

Improving inherent soil productivity enhances yield and resilience of rice farming systems

基于我国水稻主产区2000—2010年间的田间试验数据,分析了4个主要水稻体系的土壤基础地力现状及其对水稻产量和产量稳定性的影响。结果表明,我国水稻体系的平均土壤基础地力为5.2t/hm^2,其中,南方早稻、南方晚稻、南方单季稻和东北水稻的平均土壤基础地力分别为4.5、4.7、5.6和5.5t/hm^2。土壤基础地力与最佳管理条件下的水稻产量呈显著正相关,而且土壤基础地力越高,对水稻产量的相对贡献越大,说明基础地力对水稻产量具有"水涨船高的效应",也表明高产更依赖于高基础地力。研究也发现,在基础地力高的土壤上,水稻产量的变异系数降低,产量更加稳定。因此,土壤基础地力的提升是保障我国水稻持续高产和稳产的重要途径之一,本研究为我国水稻体系的可持续集约化提供支撑。

The on-farm trials in Chinese major rice production regions are applied to assess the current statues of inherent soil productivity of four rice farming systems and the effects of inherent soil productivity on rice yield and yield stabilization.The inherent soil productivity of paddy soil on average is 5.2t/hm^2 over four rice farming systems,with 4.5t/hm^2 for south early,4.7t/hm^2 for south late,5.6t/hm^2 for south single and 5.5t/hm^2 for northeast rice systems respectively.The inherent soil productivity for each of rice farming systems is positively and significantly correlated with yield under best management practices（YieldBMP）.The relative contribution of inherent soil productivity to Yield-BMP increases with the gradient of inherent soil productivity.Higher inherent soil productivity led to lower variable coefficient in yield,which represented higher yield stabilization and higher resilience of systems.Overall,inherent soil productivity improvement can be one of key approach for increasing yield and enhancing resilience of rice farming systems.