启东沿海地区土地利用变化及其生态环境影响评价

Land use changes and its ecological environmental impact assessment in Qidong coastal areas

土地利用变化及其生态影响机制是土地利用研究的核心内容,生态系统服务价值评估是衡量土地利用变化环境影响的一种有效方法.以启东市沿海地区为例,以2002、2014年遥感影像为主要数据源,定量分析了研究区域12年间土地利用变化状况及其生态服务功能价值变化.结果表明:1)土地利用结构性质在短期内变化较大,主要表现为土地利用程度不断加强,利用结构和功能趋于多样化和复杂化;2)在土地利用的经济社会功能增强的同时,系统生态服务价值大幅下降,反映了经济社会发展导致自然资源成本过度损失,并可能会对区域经济社会的可持续发展造成影响.因此,构建景观格局优化的土地利用模式、因地制宜地发展生态型产业、严格保护生态价值较高的生态系统等是土地资源可持续利用的关键.

Land use change and its ecological impact mechanism is the core content of land use research.The ecosystem services valuation is an effective way to measure the environmental impact of land use change.Qidong coastal areas were used as examples in this paper,remote sensing images of 2002 and 2014 were taken as the main data source to quantitatively analysis land use changing situations and its ecological service function value changes in the research areas during the 12 years.The conclusions were as follows：1）the nature of land use structure changed greatly in the short term,mainly reflected in the degree of land use being strengthened,and the structure and function of land use turning diversified and complicated.2）the economic and social function of land use were enhanced,while the value of land use systematic ecological services dropped dramatically,reflecting excessive loss of natural resources cost caused by the economic and social development,which might have impact on the sustainable development of regional economy and society.Constructing landscape optimized land use pattern,developing ecological industries according to local conditions,protecting ecosystems of relatively high ecological value stringently and so on are the key measures of sustainable utilization of land resources.