刑事诉权初探

Preliminary Study on Criminal Right of Action

现代诉权是宪法性权利,刑事诉权也不例外。刑事诉权的概念不能简单借鉴其他诉权的概念,它应等同于自诉权与公诉权之和,是指刑事纠纷的当事人因权益受侵害,依法请求国家专门机关通过诉讼方式依正当程序解决该刑事纠纷和附带民事诉讼纠纷,并最终由裁判机关依法做出裁决的宪法性基本权利。从最终意义上讲,刑事纠纷的最终解决机关应当是法院,但在审前程序中,又不应当仅仅限于法院。刑事诉权具有主体多样性、内部关系复杂性、阶段性、其他诉权的后盾与保障等特征。对于当事人诉权主体而言,刑事诉权是基本人权在刑事诉讼中的具体化。当事人适格及诉的利益是其必备要素。

The modern right of action is constitutional rights, and the criminal right of action is no exception. The concept of criminal right of action cannot simply draw lessons from the others, which should be the sum of equivalent to the right of private and public prosecution. It refers to the constitutional basic rights that the parties of criminal disputes suffered from rights infringement, request specialized state organs to solve criminal disputes and incidental civil action in accordance with the due process,and finally be given a ruling by the judgment organs. In the final sense, court should be the eventually solve authority of criminal disputes, while it is not sufficient in the pretrial procedures. The criminal right of action has many characteristics such as the diversity of the subject, the internal complexity, phased,backing and other litigation right safeguard etc. For the parties to litigation subject, criminal right of action is specification of basic human rights in criminal procedure, with its essential element of the right of eligibility and litigant.