论作为“劝导”的文学言语行为

On the Speech Act in Literature as “Persuasion”

文学言语行为的研究有待深化,其宗旨就是搞清文学交际活动用语言做什么事以及如何做这些事。"劝导"的言语行为就是说话者试图说服和引导受话者做某事,它广泛存在于包括文学交际在内的人类交际的各个领域。与其他话语交际领域相比,文学话语中的劝导言语行为则一定是间接的,其间接性体现为必须通过"以美取悦"、"传情"、"告知"等的言语行为来实施和发挥效力,属于文学交际话语中的最高层次的、因而也是最重要的言语行为。一切严肃的文学交际活动最终都要归结为劝导的言语行为,都要以劝导的言语行为的实施来完成其介入现实的社会使命。

The research on the speech act in literature needs to be deepened, which aims at figuring out what to do and how to do in literary communication by using language. The speech act of ＂persuasion＂ means that addressers attempt to persuade or guide addressees to do something, which exists in all fields of human communication including literary communication. Compared with other fields of verbal communication, the persuasive speech act in literary discourse must be indirect, which is implemented and comes in force through various speech acts such as ＂taking pleasure by beauty＂, ＂expressing feelings＂ and ＂informing＂, thus it belonging to the one that is the most advanced and important in literary commu- nicative discourse. All the solemn literary communication will be attributed to the persuasive speech act at last, and it will complete its social mission of reality intervention by the persuasive speech act.