世界社会主义500年历史大视野小总结

A Study on the 500-Year History of Socialism under Historical Perspective

自从16世纪欧洲资本主义的新发展造成劳资两大阶级对立以来,社会上就开始出现两大运动:即工人反对资本主义剥削与压迫的自发工人运动和先进知识分子揭露资本主义罪恶、向往社会主义、共产主义的思想启蒙运动。1516年英国人托马斯·莫尔出版的《乌托邦》是空想社会主义、共产主义的起点,迄今正好500年。工人运动与空想社会主义的发展在长达330多年之间没有联系或者极少联系,直到19世纪40年代,马克思、恩格斯把乌托邦社会主义转变为科学社会主义,并且以科学社会主义指导国际工人运动,从此才开展了世界社会主义运动。世界社会主义运动包括建党、夺取政权和进行社会主义建设这样三部曲。从全球大视野来看,近170年来世界社会主义运动有过五次大发展:即19世纪中叶的第一次大发展,19世纪60-70年代的第二次大发展,19世纪末到20世纪初的第三次大发展,1917年十月革命胜利后的第四次大发展和第二次世界大战后的第五次大发展。世界社会主义这五次大发展之后都有过五次大挫折。这表明世界上只要存在资本主义的基本矛盾就必然有世界社会主义运动的兴起。世界社会主义运动是波浪起伏、新潮迭涌、迂回曲折、逐步前进。只要我们善于重新总结历史经验教训,真正向前发展科学社会主义,切实清除乌托邦社会主义、共产主义的历史影响,彻底纠"左"、坚决防右,就必能促进世界社会主义运动顺利发展。只要中国特色社会主义全面建设成功就必能大力推进世界社会主义。21世纪一定还会出现世界社会主义运动的第六次大发展。

Since the class antagonism between workers and capitalists caused by the growth of European capitalism, two kinds of movements emerged： one was the spontaneous socialist workers＇ movement against the exploitation and oppression, the other was the enlightenment movement lead by intellectuals that condemned the evil of capitalism, yearning for a socialist and communist society. The worldwide socialist movements included foundation of the Communist Party, the overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy and the socialist construction. Under a global perspective, there were five stages of socialist development in the past 170 years but each were followed by great setbacks, which proved that the basic contradictions of capitalism would definitely lead to the rise of socialist movements world widely. Since the worldwide socialist movements were full of twist and turns with steady advancement, we should draw lessons from the history and move forward with scientific socialism, clearing out negative effects of Utopian Socialism and Communism in history. We should ensure a continuous development of socialist movement world widely by correcting serious errors of ＂leftism＂ and the ＂right deviation＂. The great achievement of the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics plays a critical part in promoting the development of socialism world widely. The^e will be the sixth socialist movement in the twenty-first century.