机会不平等在多大程度上引致了我国城镇收入不平等

To What Extent Dose the Inequality of Opportunity Induce Income Inequality in Urban China?

在Roemer的环境-努力二元分析框架下,本文首先将基于参数回归不平等分解的Fields法和Shapely值法拓展运用到机会不平等的测度研究中,然后采集CHIP2008城镇数据构建努力集和环境集,对机会不平等引致收入不平等的程度及决定因素进行了估计。研究发现:1由Fields法和Shapely值法估计得到的各因素对收入不平等的贡献程度排序大体一致。相对而言,环境集中的性别和地区是影响收入不平等的重要因素,也是影响机会不平等引致程度的决定因素;Shapely值法相比Fields法对收入不平等的分解更加合理准确,因此更适用于估计机会不平等对收入不平等的引致程度。2基于Shapely值法估计得到的机会不平等引致城镇总体收入不平等程度在1/3以上。尽管机会不平等引致程度在不同年龄、性别以及地区之间存在一定差异,但不能从根本上改变上述总体判断。以上结论对我国城镇收入不平等的调控有重要的意义。

Under Roemer＇s binary framework of circumstances and efforts,this paper firstly expands the method of Fields and the Shapely value decomposition based on parametric regression to estimate inequality of opportunity. Then we estimate the degree of income inequality caused by opportunity inequality and determinants from sets of circumstance factors and effort factors built respectively on CHIP2008 urban household data. The results show that： 1 the order of the importance of factors resulting in opportunity inequality estimated by Fields and the Shapely value are roughly consistent.Relatively speaking,gender and region in the set of circumstances are relatively important factors of income inequality,and they are also determinants of opportunity inequality. The Shapely value method get more accurate decomposition of income inequality,so it is more suitable to estimate inequality of opportunity 2Opportunity inequality accounts for more than one third of the degree of income inequality. Although the degrees of income inequality induced by opportunity inequality are different along with age,gender and region,the overall judgment cannot be changed. The above conclusions have important implications for the regulation of urban income inequality.