微创手术在中国肥胖症和糖尿病治疗中应用的历史和发展趋势

History and development trend of minimally invasive surgical treatment for obesity and diabetes in China

肥胖症和2型糖尿病已经成为现今社会所面临的严重的公共健康问题。自从20世纪50年代第1例减肥手术报道以来，胃肠外科手术治疗肥胖症在全球范围内获得了很大的发展，已经成为治疗病态肥胖的＂金标准＂。随着研究的不断深入，越来越多的证据表明，胃肠外科手术不仅能减重，同时可以改善、甚至治愈肥胖症相关的多种代谢性疾病，尤其是2型糖尿病。当前被证明安全、有效的手术治疗方式主要包括可调节胃绑带术、Roux-en-Y胃肠旁路术、迷你胃肠旁路术和袖状胃切除术等，且所有手术均可在腹腔镜的条件下完成。目前，国内外的胃肠外科医师们正致力于将手术推广到2型糖尿病的治疗中去，越来越多的单位开展了手术治疗糖尿病。然而，还有很多细节需要规范，也有很多问题值得进一步探索研究。相信伴随着手术技术及器械的进步，诊疗进一步规范化以及相关基础研究的逐步推进，中国代谢外科必将得到更巨大的发展。

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have already become one of the most serious society-facing problems. Since the first report in the 1950s, gastrointestinal surgery has greatly developed as the golden standard in obesity treatment. With the convincing research and evidence, it is found that gastrointestinal surgery not only can cause weight loss, but can relieve, even cure many metabolic diseases associated with obesity, especially for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The operational manners, including adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, mini gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, etc., are proved to be safe and effective in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and all of these operations can be performed with laparoscopy. Currently, gastrointestinal surgeons are focusing on the operation treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and more and more gastrointestinal operations are applied in many medical centers in China. However, there are a lot of details that need to be standardized. It is believed, with the evolution of surgical technique, standardization of diagnosis and treatment, and breakthrough in the basic research, the metabolic surgery will get more development in the future.