“自由”话语与冷战初期美国国内政治动员——以欧洲复兴计划为中心

The Rhetoric of “Freedom”and the American Political Mobilization in the Early Cold War: On the European Recovery Program

面对第二次世界大战后欧洲的严峻形势,杜鲁门政府酝酿出台欧洲复兴计划。为了动员美国民众支持这一计划,杜鲁门政府构筑了一套以"自由"为核心的政治话语体系。他们从"自由"着眼,制造国家安全威胁,并将苏联视为"他者",与社会团体共同塑造了美国作为"自由捍卫者"的国际形象。借助宣传欧洲复兴计划这一有利时机,美国将强烈的道德因素注入追求国家利益的对外援助政策中。这不仅赢得了美国民众对欧洲复兴计划的认同和支持,而且为美国政府全面介入国际事务提供了"合法性"理由和意识形态上的支持。

Faced with the dire situation of the postwar Europe,the Truman government implemented the European Recovery Program( ERP). In order to win over the domestic public support,the Trumangovernment proposed a set of political rhetoric based on 'freedom '. Starting from 'freedom ',i propagandized a threatened national security and an 'alien ' USSR. With the help of socia communities,an American international image of 'the guardian of freedom ' was created. The U. S. successfully infused an international program of national interest with a strong moral sense. It no only won over public sympathy and support, but also 'legitimized ' American interference into international affairs during the Cold War.