两面性的日本近代化先驱——论吉田松阴思想的非近代性

A Forerunner of Japanese Modernization with Two Sides: On the Non-Modern Aspect of the Thought of Shoin Yoshida

吉田松阴作为日本近代化的先驱,一直受到学界较高评价,但其思想中非近代性的保守一面,也不应忽视。他强烈认同封建身份制度,未能形成近代国民意识;其政治论仍然受制于道德主义的思考方式,未能认识到从根本上进行制度变革的必要性;他也没有真正思考过个人解放的问题,而是希望通过强制民众承担义务来进行社会动员。吉田松阴通过旧思想的极端化而将自身行动正当化,成为一个典型的"激进的保守主义者"。作为日本近代化的先驱,其思想中浓厚的非近代性一面,对明治以后的日本同样有着强烈的影响。吉田松阴的思想发展,预示了近代日本发展道路的两面性。

Shoin Yoshida( 1830- 1859),a forerunner of Japanese modernization,has been highly praised among scholars. However,the conservative aspect of his thought should not be ignored. He vehemently supported feudal personal status and failed to develop a sense of modern citizenship,his political thought was restrained by moralism and failed to realize the necessity of institutional reform,he never reflected on personal liberation while hoping that social mobilization could be achieved by the imposition of obligation on the mass. He legitimized his actions by the extremization of old thoughts—the deed of a typical 'radical conservative'. As a forerunner of Japanese modernization,his thought concerning the strong sense of pre-modernism exerted great influence on Japan after the Meiji Restoration as well. The development of his thought foreshadowed the duality of Japanese modernization.