幕末勤王思想对明治维新的影响——以水户学为中心

The Influence of Late Shogunate Loyalism on the Meiji Restoration: The Example of the Mito School

水户学是幕末的重要思潮之一,包括前期的水户史学和后期的水户政教学。幕府的衰颓和西方力量的出现在内外因上共同催生了勤王思想的勃兴。基于水户学的内外特征,本文分别从"皇"与"国"两个角度检讨了勤王思想对明治维新的得失影响,即"国"之意识的建立和"皇"之意识的延续。从而说明,明治维新一方面是在决意告别过去的政制,另一方面仍始终将尊皇思想置于国家设计的顶层,而这一导向也体现了日本近代化过程中民族性和近代性之间选择次第的问题。

The Mito School( mitogaku) was an important school of thought in the late Shogunate period( bakumatsu), including the early school of historical studies and late school of political philosophy. The decline of Shogunate and the emergence of Western powers were the internal andexternal stimuli of the loyalism respectively. Focusing on the intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics of the Mito School, this paper discusses the influence of loyalism on the Meiji Restoration from the perspectives of 'the Emperor'and 'the Empire': they created the awareness of 'the Empire'and continued the awareness of 'the Emperor'. For one thing,the Meiji Restoration was a departure from the traditional polity. For another,loyalism remained in the new ideology. It reflects Japan's choice between nationalism and modernism in its process of modernization.