哈龙替代型含氟灭火剂灭火过程中HF生成及灭火机理研究进展

Research Progress on Production Mechanism of HF and Its Fire Suppression Mechanism of Fluorine-containing Fire Extinguishing Agents as Halon Alternatives

三氟甲烷(CHF_3)、五氟乙烷(C_2HF_5)、六氟丙烷(C_3H_2F_6)和七氟丙烷(C_3HF7)四种典型的氢氟烃(HFCs)是目前常用的哈龙替代型灭火剂,具有灭火高效、性能可靠且无残留的特性.4种典型含氟灭火剂在灭火过程中会产生有毒气体HF,热分解过程中产生的含氟自由基与火焰中的O,H,OH等燃烧自由基反应,导致燃烧过程中化学链式反应中断.缩短达到灭火浓度所用时间、减少灭火剂与火焰作用时间和加入抑制剂或添加剂可降低有毒气体HF生成量.未来应进一步借助全尺度实验和理论计算,深入研究HFCs类灭火剂在不同使用条件下的灭火机理,获取HFCs灭火剂灭火浓度、灭火毒性、腐蚀性及相容性等实际数据,为提高其灭火性能、降低灭火过程中有毒气体的生成、拓宽使用领域和开发性能更优异的HFCs类灭火剂奠定一定的理论和应用基础.

Hydro-fluoro-carbons（HFCs） gas fire extinguishing agents, such as trifluoromethane（CHF3）, pentafluoroethane（C2HF5）, hexafluoropropane（C3H2F6） and heptafluoropropane（C3HF7） is the most efficient Halon alternatives, which possess the properties of high fire-fighting efficiency, reliable performance, no residue after finishing their duty. The four kinds of fluorine-containing fire extinguishing agents will produce the toxic gas HF during the fire extinguish process. The fluorine-containing free radicals resulted from the thermal decomposition of HFCs reacts with H, OH and O radicals in the flame to prevent the chemical chain reaction in the process of the combustion. The amount of HF produced could be reduced by shortening the time to reach the fire extinguishing concentration, reducing the time of interaction between fire extinguishing agent and flame, and adding additives or inhibitor. Future work should gain deep insight into studying the chemical extinguishing mechanism under different usage conditions, and obtaining a lot of real data, such as the extinguishing concentration, the toxicity, the compatibility and corrosion of such HFCs fire extinguishing agents. It provides theoretical basis and application for reducing the release of toxic gas HF, expanding the application field, and developing some new type of HFCs fire extinguishing agents with better performance.