俄罗斯的垃圾管理

近年来,垃圾的管理和利用已经成为俄罗斯实现环境保护和生态可持续发展中最紧迫的问题之一。究其原因,一方面是由于生产和生活垃圾的体量快速增长;另一方面是由于垃圾管理水平并未获得有效提升。本文分析了俄罗斯垃圾产生的现状,论述了垃圾利用中存在的主要问题,并就俄罗斯不同地区内情况进行了对比评估。研究表明:完善垃圾综合管理方法十分必要。本文最后提出了预防垃圾产生的措施,旨在促进垃圾的循环利用,最大限度地降低其对环境的影响。

Waste generation and utilization have recently become one of the most urgent problems in the sphere of providing ecologi- cal sustainability and environment protection in Russia. On the one hand, the reason for this is rapidly growing volume of production and consumer waste, and on the other hand, it is insufficiently high development level in waste management. The article considers main issues in the sphere of waste generation and utilization and pays special attention to comparative evaluation of the situation in Russian regions. The author draws a conclusion about the necessity of a comprehensive approach to waste management that will provide a set of measures to prevent waste generation, recycle it and minimize its impact on the environment.