“脆弱性”还是“可塑性”:差别易感性模型

“Vulnerability”or“Plasticity”: Differential Susceptibility Model

素质-应激模型认为,部分个体具有与生俱来的"脆弱性"素质,比他人更易受到消极环境的负面影响。差别易感性模型却认为,一部分人是具有更高的发展"可塑性"而不是脆弱性,他们比其他人不仅更易受到不利环境的消极影响,也更易受到积极的、支持性环境的有利影响。首先,对比分析了素质-应激模型和差别易感性模型的基本观点;其次,论述差别易感性模型的理论基础和相关的实证研究;最后,讨论了差别易感性模型的已有研究存在的问题和未来研究的方向。

The diathesis-stress model suggests that some individuals due to a ＂vulnerability＂ in their make-up, are more vulnerable than others to the negative effects of adversity. However, the differential susceptibility model considers that these ＂vulnerable＂ individuals are not only likely to be affected adversely by environmental stressors, but also more susceptible than others to positive environmental influences. In this context, after comparing the major view of the ＂differential susceptibility model＂ and the ＂diathesis-stress model＂, we discussed the theoretical foundations of differential susceptibility. Then, we documented extant empirical research on differential susceptibility. Finally, we summarized the limits and agendas for future research of differential susceptibility.