大足区中老年居民颈动脉硬化流行病学报告

The epidemiological report of the atherosclerotic in Dazu city

目的了解大足区人民医院居民动脉硬化病变的程度及危险因素,为脑卒中预防打下流行病学基础。方法以2012年1月至2012年12月于大足区人民医院超声科行颈动脉彩超检查的大足区居民(1 725人)作为研究对象,对入组对象进行性别、年龄、烟酒史、高血压病史、糖尿病史问卷调查。结果人群中颈动脉内-中膜增厚检出率为11.19%,颈动脉斑块形成检出率为34.67%,颈动脉狭窄检出率为4.99%。颈动脉粥样硬化随着年龄的增长,检出率逐渐升高(P<0.05);男性各年龄阶段颈动脉硬化检出率均高于女性(P<0.05);农村人群检出率高于城镇,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素中,合并吸烟、饮酒史,高血压病史,2型糖尿病史在颈动脉内-中膜正常居民和颈动脉硬化居民中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颈动脉粥样硬化在大足区中老年人群中普遍存在;颈动脉超声多普勒检查有助于颈动脉硬化的筛查;吸烟饮酒、高血压、糖尿病是颈动脉硬化的危险因素。

Objective To explore the extent and risk factors of carotid atherosclerosis in local residents of Dazu city and ob- tain epidemiological data for the prevention of stroke. Methods A total of 1 725 participants who visited the ultrasonic diagnosis department for carotid artery ultrasonography in 2012--2013 were enrolled in the study. Data on gender, age, smoking status, alco- hol drinking status and the history of hypertension and diabetes mellitns were summarized through questionnaires. Results The positive rate of increased carotid intima-media thickness （IMT）, carotid plaque and carotid stenosis was 11. 19%, 34. 67% and 4.99 %, respectively. As age increased, the positive rate of carotid atherosclerosis increased（P〈0.05） ;male presented a higher posi- tive rate of carotid atherosclerosis than female in all age groups（P〈0. 05） ;rural residents had a statistically significant higher posi- tive rate than urban residents（P〈0.05）. Out of all risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis, age, smoking status, alcohol drinking sta- tus and the history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were markedly different between normal IMT group and carotid athero sclerosis group. Conclusion Carotid artery ultrasonography is an effective method for screening carotid atheroselerosis given the high prevalence of carotid atheroselerosis in middle-aged and elderly population; smoking,alcohol drinking,hypertension and diabe- tes are contributing factors for carotid atherosclerosis.