一种普通小麦细胞质雄性不育系的鉴定及恢保关系研究

Identification and Restoring-maintaining Relationship of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line in Common Wheat

07(131)A是从普通小麦高代优良品系07(131)中发现的自然突变雄性不育材料。为了解其在生产上的应用潜力,对其雄性败育特点、不育类型和恢保关系进行了研究。结果表明,07(131)A开花期花药干瘪、不外露、不开裂,花粉粒I2-KI染色表现为染败,带有少量可育花粉。育性正常的07(131)与07(131)A原始不育株杂交,F1表现为不育,再以07(131)单株成对回交,后代还可保持高度不育,表明07(131)A属细胞质雄性不育突变体。对07(131)A与52份不同来源普通小麦品种(系)配制的测交F1组合进行育性调查,筛选出保持高不育的材料4份;保持半不育的材料15份;具有恢复能力的材料33份,其中,高恢复材料30份,完全恢复材料3份。说明在普通小麦品种(系)中存在着07(131)A的保持系和广泛的恢复源。07(131)A在小麦"三系法"杂交育种上具有一定的应用前景。

A spontaneous wheat male sterile mutant 07 （131） A was discovered from the common wheat high-generation line 07 （131）. The male abortive characteristics, male sterility type and restoring- maintaining relationship of 07（131）A were studied. The results showed that anthers of 07（131）A were shriveled, no crack and no exposed on spike. I2-KI dyeing analysis of pollens showed abortion type, which contains a small amount of fertile pollens. The F1 between 07（131） and the original sterile plant of 07 （131） A were sterile, and five combinations obtained from pairwise backcrossing between 07（131）A and 07（131） individual plant were also highly sterile. Therefore, 07（131）A is a cytoplasmic male sterile mutant. Fertility of FI combinations which obtained by crossing 07（131）A with 52 common wheat varieties were investigated and classified. And the combination number of highly sterile, partly sterile, highly fertile and complete fertile were 4, 15, 30 and 3, respectively. This showed maintainer lines and extensive restorer lines were existed among common wheat varieties. 07 （131）A could be used as a basic material for ＂three-line＂ hybrid wheat breeding.