2010～2012年福建省部分城乡居民膳食结构分析

Analysis on dietary patterns among urban and rural residents,Fujian province,2010-2012

目的了解2010~2012年福建省部分城乡居民膳食结构状况。方法数据来源于2010~2012年中国居民营养与健康监测,采用多阶段分层与人口成比例整群随机抽样方法,对876户2 395人进行膳食调查,计算每标准人日食物消费量。膳食调查采用家庭连续3d24h回顾和调味品称重相结合的方法。结果福建省部分城乡居民每标准人日谷类和鱼虾类摄入量在膳食宝塔推荐范围内,蔬菜、蛋类摄入接近推荐下限,食用油、盐和畜禽肉类摄入略超推荐量上限,而豆类、新鲜水果和奶制品摄入明显不足;有94.28%的居民碳水化合物达到推荐摄入量,有50%以上的居民每标准人日蛋白质、尼克酸、维生素E、铁和锌摄入能达到推荐摄入量,能量和大部分维生素及部分矿物质摄入偏低,能达到推荐摄入量的居民比例偏低,膳食纤维和钙的摄入明显不足,有80%的居民摄入低于推荐摄入量的60%;与城市相比,农村居民蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物提供的能量比例较为适宜,但优质蛋白占膳食蛋白比例不如城市。结论福建省部分城乡居民膳食摄入不足较为严重,应加强营养知识宣教,提倡合理膳食和健康生活方式。

Objective To understand the dietary patterns among urban and rural residents in Fujian province,2010-2012. Methods Data were collected from the 2010-2012 China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in Fujian province.The sampling method of multiple stage probability proportional to the population size was applied in this study.A total of 2 395 residents in 876 households were surveyed for dietary information,using the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method,supplemented by oil and condiment measurements.Collected dietary information was then used to calculate residential dietary consumptions per reference person day. Results In both urban and rural areas in Fujian province,dietary consumptions of grain and fish were sufficient according to the recommended intake ranges of the dietary pyramid;vegetable and egg consumptions were barely enough;oil,salt,meat,and poultry consumptions were a little higher than the recommendations;however,legumes,fruits,and dairy consumptions were evidently deficient.94.28% of residents consumed recommended daily levels of carbohydrates.Over 50% of residents consumed recommended daily levels of protein,niacin,vitamin E,iron,and zinc.The general daily intakes of energy,most vitamins,and some minerals were lower than the recommendations,with fewer residents consuming adequately too.Fiber and calcium intakes were inadequate,having 80% of the residents consuming less than 60% of the lower recommended levels.The energy contributions（protein,fat,and carbohydrates）were more balanced in rural areas.However,high-quality protein consumptions were better in urban areas. Conclusion The dietary intakes are insufficent among urban and rural residents in Fujian province.There is an urgent need for strengthening nutritional education,and promoting healthy diet and life-style.