医院食堂椭圆食粉螨孳生情况调查及其形态观察

Acaroid mites breeding in hospital cafeterias and observation of Aleuroglyphus ovatus

目的了解医院食堂椭圆食粉螨孳生情况并进行形态学观察。方法用直接镜检法分离某医院食堂采集的蔬菜、面粉、大米及地脚粉,光镜下观察对椭圆食粉螨螨的形态特征。结果共采集标本20份,19份检出椭圆食粉螨,检出率为95.0%。共检获粉螨2 047只,平均孳生密度为10.24只/g。光镜下见椭圆食粉螨雄性成螨前足体板呈长方形,两侧略凹,表面具刻点;基节上毛呈叶状,两侧缘具较多长而直的梳状突起;刚毛均呈且具小栉齿,短刚毛末端常有分叉且有时尖端扭曲;足短粗,尖端渐细,末端圆钝;生殖褶和生殖感觉器淡黄色,阳茎为直管状,阳茎的支架挺直,后端分叉。肛后毛3对。雌性成螨形态与雄螨相似,但肛毛为4对。结论该医院食堂椭圆食粉螨孳生严重,应采取有效防制措施防止或减少粉螨孳生,以减少粉螨污染带来的危害。

Objectives To investigate the breeding of Aleuroglyphus ovatus in hospital cafeterias and to study the morphology of A. ovatus. Methods Vegetables, flour, rice and flour contaminated with dust were collected from hospital cafeterias. The morphology of A. ovatus was observed and identified under a microscope. Results Twenty samples were collected from college cafeterias and A. ovatus was detected in 19 for a rate of detection of 95% In total, 2 047 mites were obtained from the samples the average breeding density was 102.35 mites/g. Under a light microscope, the propodosomal plate of male A. ovatus appeared to be rectangular plate with slight curving of both edges and indentions on the surface. Supracoxal setae were lobular with long, straight comb-like projections on both sides of the body. All of the setae were slightly pectinate, and the ends of short setae were bent or twisted. Legs were short and thick with a tapered tip and blunted end. Genital ridges and genital sense organs were yellow; the penis was a straight tube and its base was stiff and bifurcated at the end. Three pairs of postanal setae were located behind the anus in the ventral body. The morphology of female A. ovatus was similar to that of the male, though the female had four pairs of postanal setae. Conclusion The breeding of A. ovatus in hospital cafeterias is serious, so effective measures should be taken to prevent and control it in order to reduce the harm of contamination by mites.