硝酸钾生产工艺及研究进展概述

Research Progress on Production of Potassium Nitrate

硝酸钾是一种优质的氮钾二元复合肥和重要的无机化工原料,在农业、化工、医药、军工等行业都有着广泛运用。本文主要概述了硝酸钠-氯化钾转化法、硝酸铵-氯化钾复分解法、硝酸铵-氯化钾离子交换法和硝酸-氯化钾溶剂萃取法四种目前国内外生产硝酸钾的主要工艺、原理及其进展情况,并对四种工艺方法进行了比较,分析各自的优点与不足。其中以山西文通钾盐集团有限公司的硝酸铵-氯化钾离子交换工艺以及以青海元通钾肥有限公司的硝酸铵-氯化钾复分解工艺是国内硝酸钾生产工艺的代表。

As an important fertilizer and inorganic chemicals material,potassium nitrate is widely applied in agriculture and industry.In this article,four industrial production technologies of potassium nitrate at home and abroad,including conversion method of sodium nitrate and potassium chloride,complex decomposition cycle method of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride,ion exchange method of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride,and solvent extraction method of nitric acid and potassium chloride,were summarized and compared.In the four kinds of production technologies,complex decomposition cycle method of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride is the main production technology for potassium nitrate in China.