基于水质水量的流域生态补偿标准测算——以黄河流域宁夏回族自治区为例

BASIN ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION MEASUREMENT BASED ON WATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY——TAKING NINGXIA PROVINCE OF YELLOW RIVER BASIN AS EXAMPLE

文章在综述国内外生态补偿标准的理论研究成果的基础上,提出基于水质水量的补偿标准测算模型。以综合污染指数法确定水质污染指数,以实际取水量和分配的初始水权的差值确定应补偿的水量,并考虑资金的时间价值,根据补偿金支付方式和年限确定最终实际支付的补偿金额,构建出基于水质水量的流域生态补偿模型,以黄河流域宁夏段为例进行实证分析。结果表明:宁夏回族自治区为提高经济社会发展水平,牺牲了水环境,既污染了水质,对下游内蒙古的用水质量产生了负面影响,同时也占用了流域内其他行政区的水量,根据生态补偿模型计算出来的补偿金额为1.727 4亿元,且不同的支付方式和支付年限导致实际支付的最终补偿金额也不一样:若3年后一次性付清,则实际补偿金额为2.073亿元;若分3年分期等额支付,则实际补偿金额为1.939亿元;若分期不等额支付,则结果另当别论。黄河流域宁夏段面临严重的水质水量问题,所以基于水质水量模型计算出来的宁夏回族自治区与流域内其他行政区间的补偿金额较大,如果仅以宁夏回族自治区政府作为唯一的补偿主体,以省际间的财政转移支付作为唯一的补偿方式,对宁夏回族自治区造成了巨大的财政压力,因此仍需上级政府部门即中央政府给予适当资金、人才和技术上的支持,才能确保流域内的生态补偿得到更好地实施。

On the basis of summarizing the results of theoretical studies of ecological compensation standards at domestic and abroad,this article proposed a model of compensation measurement of both water quality and water quantity.Comprehensive pollution index method was used to determine the degree of water pollution,the difference between amount of actual water consumption and the initial water rights allocated as the amount should be compensated.Considering the time value of money and determined the amount of compensation in accordance with the method of payment and the age limits,it built the compensation model based on the water quality and quantity.Ningxia Province in Yellow River was used as an example.The results showed： Ningxia Province destructed the water environment to improve the development degree of economy and society,affected the water quality of downstream Inner Mongolia and had taken up the water quantity of the other administrative areas in the same basin.The compensation money was calculated as 172.74 million yuan.The actual payment was different based on different methods and age limits： if paid off once after three years,the money actually paid was 207.3 million; if paid off the same amount divided in three years,the money actually paid was 193.9 million yuan; Because of the serious problems of water quality and quantity,Ningxia Province would face huge financial pressure.Central government＇s financial,talents and technology support were needed to ensure the better implementation of ecological compensation.