2004-2015年长沙市突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Changsha City,2004-2015

目的了解长沙市2004-2015年突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为突发公共卫生事件的防控工作提供参考。方法系统收集长沙市2004-2015年突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告的突发公共卫生事件,采用SPSS软件进行分析。结果 2004-2015年共报告289起突发公共卫生事件,主要为一般级别事件189起(65.40%);事件类型以传染病类事件为主,发生249起(86.16%),其次为突发中毒类事件(25起,占8.65%);事件主要集中在3-6月和9-12月,9月、11月有2个高峰;城区传染病类事件的比例高于四县市(91.74%vs.82.14%,χ2=5.428,P=0.02),突发中毒类事件比例则低于四县市(1.65%vs.13.69%,χ2=12.898,P<0.001);学校是突发公共卫生事件发生的主要场所(215起,占74.39%),以小学为主(120起,55.81%)。结论 2004-2015年长沙市突发公共卫生事件时间高峰主要在秋冬季节,学校是主要场所,需重点加强学校传染病的防控。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of public health emergencies in Changsha City during 2004- 2015 so as to provide references for prevention and control of public health emergencies. Methods Data about public health e-mergencies in Changsha City from 2004 to 2015 were systematically collected from Public Health Emergency Management Information System, and analyzed by SPSS software. Results A total of 289 emergency public health events were reported in Changsha City during 2004-2015, of which 189 { 65.40% ） were general events, 249 （ 86.16% ） infectious disease events and 25 （ 8.65%） poisoning events. Most of the public health emergencies occurred from March to June and from September to December, with two peaks in September and November. The proportion of infectious disease events reported in the urban area was significantly higher than that in the four 4 counties （91.74% vs. 82.14%,χ^2= 5.428, P= 0.02） , while the proportion of reported poisoning emergencies was lower （ 1.65% vs. 13.69%, χ^2= 12.898, P〈0.001 }. 215 （74.39%） emergencies occurred in schools, most of which oc- curred in elementary schools {55.81%, 120/215）. Conclusions Public health emergencies in Changsha City during 2004- 2015 mainly occur in autumn and winter, and in schools. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control measures of infec- tious diseases in schools.