村民自治制度的三重困境

Triple Dilemma of the Villagers' Self-governance System

村民自治制度是我国乡村治理最主要的政治制度之一。在党关于创新社会治理体制机制、推进社会治理现代化的新要求以及乡村治理变革的新形势下,准确把握村民自治制度所面临的困境具有一定的现实必要性。研究从主体与环境两个层面出发,从主体建构角度、主体功能角度对村民自治制度做信任困境与功能困境的探讨,从村民自治精神与自治能力、个体与集体间利益相关度、乡土社会的差序结构三个方面对村民自治制度做现实困境分析。分析认为,村民自治制度面临政治不信任制度化程度弱的信任困境、村民自治组织集体整合能力弱的功能困境以及村民低法律认知度与农村社会环境复杂的现实困境。因此,村民自治制度需要通过实现政治不信任制度化、提升村民自治组织的集体整合能力、改良并适应农村复杂环境来摆脱困境,从而适应我国乡村治理的现实需要。

The villagers＇ self-governance system is one of the main political systems for China＇s rural governance.Under the CPC＇s new requirements about innovating the system and mechanism of social governance and advancing the modernization of social governance,and in the new situation of transforming the rural governance,it is of practical necessities to have an accurate understanding of the dilemma facing the villagers＇ self-governance system.Started from the two levels of subject and environment,the research explores the trust dilemma and function dilemma of the villagers＇ self-governance system from the angles of subject construction and subject function,and analyzes the practical dilemma of the villagers＇ selfgovernance system from three aspects including villagers＇ self-governance spirit and capacity of selfgovernance,degree of correlation between individual interests and collective interests,and the pattern of difference sequence of rural society.The analysis concludes that the villagers＇ self-governance system faces the trust dilemma in which the degree of institutionalized political distrust is low,the function dilemma in which the collective integration capability of the villagers＇ self-governance organization is weak and the practical dilemma in which the degree of villagers＇ legal cognition is low and the environment of rural society is complex.Therefore,the villagers＇ self-governance system needs to get out of the dilemmas by achieving the institutionalization of political distrust,improving the collective integration capability of the villagers＇ self-governance organization,improving and adapting to the complex rural environment,thus adapting to the practical requirements of rural governance in China.