扶桑绵粉蚧若虫对不同蔬菜寄主的选择性与适生性

Feeding preference and host fitness of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley larvae for different host vegetables

测定了扶桑绵粉蚧2龄若虫对11科24种蔬菜的取食选择性。结果显示,在8种绿叶类蔬菜中,扶桑绵粉蚧对旋花科的空心菜具有较强的取食选择性;在8种果实类蔬菜中,扶桑绵粉蚧喜欢取食葫芦科的南瓜;在8种根茎类蔬菜中,扶桑绵粉蚧喜欢取食茄科的马铃薯和天南星科的芋艿。在11科蔬菜中,扶桑绵粉蚧比较嗜好茄科、葫芦科、旋花科、菊科、天南星科等科的蔬菜。24种蔬菜上,扶桑绵粉蚧的瞬时增长率ri均大于0,表明24种蔬菜均能满足扶桑绵粉蚧生长发育和种群增长的需要。综合比较扶桑绵粉蚧对寄主的选择性、种群建立率和瞬时增长率,认为扶桑绵粉蚧在马铃薯、南瓜、空心菜、生菜、芋艿、苋菜等蔬菜上的适生性较高,在大豆、豇豆、木耳菜等蔬菜上的适生性较低。

Host preference of an invasive mealybug,Phenacoccus solenopsis,to 24 vegetables which belong to 11 families were conducted in a laboratory condition. The results showed that P. solenopsis preferred to eat water spinach（ Convolvulaceae） of 8 green leafy vegetables; All of 8 fruit vegetables,the cotton mealybug preferred to feed on pumpkin（ Cucurbitaceae）; In root vegetables choice test,it preferred to feed on potato（ Solanaceae） and taro（ Araceae） of the 8 vegetables. The choice test showed that the cotton mealybug used to like the vegetables in Solanaceae,Cucurbitaceae,Convolvulaceae,Asteraceae and Araceae. The instantaneous rates of increase of P. solenopsis on 24 vegetables are greater than zero which indicate that all of the vegetables tested can meet the need of the growth and development of the mealybug. The host fitness of the cotton mealybug on potato,pumpkin,water spinach,lettuce,taro,amaranth and other vegetables is better,while they are poorer on soybean,cowpea,gynura cusimbua and other vegetables.