论日本向巴西移民的性质与形式

The Nature and Form of Japan's Emigration to Brazil

近代日本海外移民主要流向美洲,从移民接收国的选择地域来看,主要经由夏威夷-北美-南美的转换。其中向巴西的移民活动无疑极具意义,不仅数量较多,且具有"国策移民"的性质。20世纪20年代至40年代,由日本政府主导实施了鼓励向巴西移民的活动,主要包括对移民提供船费补助和出国准备金等相关支持政策。1928年至1934年的7年间是巴西移民的高潮期,这期间赴巴西的日本移民达9万余人。承担向巴西移民的日本经营机构主要有海外兴业株式会社、海外协会、海外移住组合。

In modern times, Japan＇ s emigration was mainly to America. From the region＇ s view, the route is Hawaii-North America-South America. The emigration to Brazil is very meaningful because the number of emigrants is big and the nature is based on national policy. From 1920s to 1940s, national government of Japan improved the emigration, including the supportive policies such as subsidies and reserves to the emigrants. From 1928 to 1934, emigrants from Japan to Brazil were in a high tide. In this period, the number was about 90000 and the institutions undertaking the emigration were Kaigai Kogyo Joint-stock Company, Kaigai Association and Kaigai Iju Group.