冀北山地人工油松林水文效应研究

Hydrological effects of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in mountainous area of North Hebei

分密度对森林水文效应有一定影响,以冀北山地不同密度油松人工林的植被层、枯落物层和土壤层为研究对象,对其水文效应进行了研究。结果表明：林冠截留能力随着林分密度的减小而减小,林下植被截留能力随着林分密度的减小而增大;林下枯落物最大持水量随着林分密度的减小而减小,其中林分密度分别为1 584株/hm^2、864株/hm^2和684株/hm^2标准地枯落物最大持水量差距相对较小,分别是林分密度388株/hm^2标准地的1.56倍、1.50倍和1.42倍;388株/hm^2油松林枯落物有效拦蓄量较小,但其枯落物初期持水速率较大。土壤持水能力随着林分密度的减小表现出逐渐增大趋势,林分密度864株/hm^2、684株/hm^2和388株/hm^2标准地土壤持水能力分别为林分密度1 584株/hm^2标准地的1.05倍、1.16倍、1.17倍,密度684株/hm^2和388株/hm^2标准地的土壤持水能力较为接近。对油松人工林进行合理抚育间伐,保留合适密度,能改善其涵养水源功能。

Stand density imposed large effects on forest hydrological effects.Based on vegetation layer,litter layer and soil layer of different intensities of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in mountainous area of North Hebei province,their forest hydrological effects were studied.The results showed that：（1）canopy interception reduced with the decreasing of stand density,but the undergrowth vegetation interception raised with the decreasing of stand density;（2）the maximum litter water retention reduced with the decreasing of stand density,and the maximum litter water retentions of three plots with stand density of 1 584trees/hm^2,864trees/hm^2 and 684trees/hm^2 had smaller disparities,which were 155.66%,149.58%,and142.25% of the sample stand with 388trees/hm^2;（3）soil water-holding ability raised with the decreasing of stand density,and the soil water-holding abilities of plots with stand density of 864trees/hm^2,684trees/hm^2 and 388trees/hm^2 were105.47%,116.19%,and 116.51% of the sample stand with 1 584trees/hm^2.The soil water-holding abilities of sample stand with 684trees/hm^2 and 388trees/hm^2 were close to each other.Pinus tabulaeformis plantation with suitable density could improve forest water conservation.