直升机和歼击机飞行员耳气压功能比较

Comparative analysis on data of ear baric function by hypobaric chamber test between helicopter and fighter pilots

目的 比较直升机和歼击机飞行员的耳气压功能,为直升机飞行员航卫保障提供参考依据. 方法 询问飞行合格的220名飞行员（直升机飞行员130人,歼击机飞行员90人）的病史,并对飞行员进行电耳镜、纯音测听、声导抗及前鼻镜、鼻内镜检查,无低压舱检查禁忌证者进行耳气压功能检查.①直升机飞行员和歼击机飞行员均坐于低压舱内模拟飞行,以15～20 m/s速率上升至4 000 m,停留5 min,再以5 m/s速率下降返回地面,出舱后再次行电耳镜、纯音测听和声导抗检查,与进舱前的检查结果进行对照.②歼击机飞行员坐于低压舱内,以20～30 m/s速率模拟上升至4 000 m,停留5 min,再以20～25 m/s速率模拟下降返回地面,出舱后再次行电耳镜、纯音测听和声导抗检查,与进舱前的检查结果进行对照.比较两组飞行员耳气压功能不良的发生率. 结果 ①1例直升机飞行员患感冒,电耳镜检查鼓膜Ⅱ度充血,纯音测听轻度传导性聋,声导抗示C型曲线,故未安排进舱而终止检查.②低压舱模拟慢速率（5 m/s）下降时,直升机飞行员耳气压功能不良的发生率（6.20％）高于歼击机飞行员（0.00％）,两组差异有统计学意义（x2 =4.16,P＜0.05）.③低压舱模拟快速率（20～25 m/s）下降时,歼击机飞行员耳气压功能不良的发生率为7.78％（7/90）,与慢速率下降高度时直升机飞行员耳气压功能不良的发生率相比,差异无统计学意义（x2=0.21,P＞0.05）.结论 对不同机种飞行员进行低压舱耳气压功能检查和航空医学训练时,应按不同速率的上升/下降方案进行岗位胜任能力评价.

Objective To compare the ear baric function of helicopter pilots and fighter pilots and to investigate the aeromedical support on helicopter pilots＇ ear baric function.Methods One hundred and thirty helicopter pilots and 90 fighter pilots were inquired about their health history and examined by electric otoscopy （EOS）,pure tone audiometry （PTA）,acoustic immitance measurement （AIM）,rhinoscopy （RS） and nasal endoscopy （NES）.Those who were without contraindication to hypobaric chamber test （HCT） were subjected to HCT as follows：①both helicopter and fighter pilots were asked to sit in the chamber and climbed up to 4000 m with the velocity of 15-20 m/s,remained for 5 min and then declined to ground level with the velocity of 5 m/s;②fighter pilots were climbed to 4 000 m with the velocity of 20-30 m/s,stayed for 5 min and declined to the ground level with the velocity of 20-25 m/s.After HCT,they were re-examined by EOS,PTA and AIM.The incidence of ear baric dysfunction （EBDF） was compared between helicopter and fighter pilots.Results ①One helicopter pilot did not undergo HCT due to cold-induced grade Ⅱ eardrum congestion diagnosed by EOS,mild conductive hearing loss by PTA and C-shaped curve by AIM.②The incidence of EBDF was 6.20% in helicopter pilots when they were declining with slow rate （5 m/s）,significantly higher than that in fighter pilots （0.00%） （x2 =4.16,P〈0.05）.③As with fast decline （20-25 m/s） the incidence of EBDF was 7.78% in fighter pilots and which was insignificant with that in the helicopter pilots with slow declining rate （x2 =0.21,P〉0.05）.Conclusions It should take different climbing and descending rates in the HCT ear baric function evaluation or aeromedical training for different aircraft pilots.