巨桉林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁多样性及指示种

Diversity and Indicator Species of Leaf-litter Ants in Eucalyptus grandis Plantations and Secondary Natural Forests

[目的]探讨巨桉林中蚂蚁群落的生态状况及植被变化后蚂蚁群落的响应,为今后土地利用方式的选择优化及生态恢复策略的制定提供依据。[方法]于2012年10月和2013年4月采用Winkler袋法调查云南省绿春县的巨桉人工林和天然次生林中枯落物层蚂蚁群落。[结果]共采集枯落物层蚂蚁5亚科34属66种2 118头。四个样地间枯落物层蚂蚁的物种丰富度有显著差异(GLM,t=-2.068,P=0.039),相对多度无显著差异(GLM,t=-0.174,P=0.863),其中巨桉林E1蚂蚁物种丰富度最高,N2最低;天然次生林N1蚂蚁多度最高,E2最低。巨桉林枯落物层蚂蚁群落结构与天然次生林无显著差异(ANOSIM Global R=0.5,P=0.333)。巨桉林中的指示物种为菱结大头蚁和东方小家蚁,天然次生林中的指示物种为红足厚结猛蚁。枯落物层厚度与蚂蚁物种丰富度显著负相关,枯落物层其它指标与蚂蚁物种丰富度和多度均无显著相关性。[结论]干扰少、林下植被丰富的人工巨桉林对枯落物层蚂蚁群落多样性的保护具有积极意义。

[Objective]To review the effects of Eucalyptus grandis plantations on leaf-litter ant community.[Meth-od]Investigations of leaf-litter ant communities of E.grandis plantations and secondary natural forest were conduc-ted by Winkler litter extraction in October 2012 and April 2013 in L＆252;chun County,Yunnan Province.[Result] 2 188 ant individuals were collected,representing 66 species,34 genera,5 families of Formicidae.There were sig-nificant differences in species richness of leaf-litter ants among plots （GLM,t =-2.068,P =0.039）.But no sig-nificant difference was found in abundance among plots （GLM,t =-0.174,P =0.863）.The E.grandis plantation plot E1 had the highest leaf-litter ant species richness,while the secondary natural forest plot N2 the lowest.The secondary natural forest N1 had the highest leaf-litter ant abundance,and the E.grandis plantation plot E2 the low-est.The ant community structure of E.grandis plantations showed no significant difference with secondary natural forest （ANOSIMGlobal R =0.5,P =0.333）.Pheidole noda Smith and Monomorium orientale Mayr were the indi-cator species of Eucalyptus grandis plantations,Pachycondyla luteipes （Mayr）was the indicator species of secondary natural forest.There was a negative correlation between the ant species richness and the leaf-litter depth.The ant species richness and abundance were not significantly correlated with the leaf-litter characteristics.[Conclusion] The E.grandis plantations with less disturbance and rich vegetation had positive effects on leaf-litter ant community＆amp;nbsp;protection.