中国女子皮艇队冬训负荷特征与成效分析

Analysis of National Women Kayak Team's Winter Training Load Characteristics and Effect

本文通过文献资料、现场观察、专家访谈、数理统计等科研方法,对国家女子皮艇队2014年冬训的训练负荷特征及成效进行分析,结果显示:此次冬训按照基础能力恢复、高原有氧提升和专项能力强化三个阶段进行设计和实施;三个阶段的水上训练量比例呈逐渐上升趋势,陆上训练量比例则呈逐渐下降趋势;水上训练内容主要包括有氧能力、混氧能力、耐酸能力和速度能力四个方面,其中有氧能力训练比例在三个阶段均占首位,混氧能力训练比例在各个阶段居第二位,并呈现一定的上升趋势,耐酸能力训练侧重于在冬训第二、三阶段进行,且呈现逐渐增加的变化趋势,速度能力的训练量比例虽然最低,但训练课次比例高于耐酸能力训练;陆上训练的重点是大力量训练和力量耐力训练,冬训的前、中期突出大力量训练,冬训后期突出力量耐力训练;经过14周冬训全队的有氧能力、最大力量、力量耐力均得到提高,反映此次冬训完成了预定的训练目标和任务。

Based on the methods of literature, observation, expert interview and mathematical statistics, this paper analyses the training load characteristics and effect of the National Woman Kayak Team in 2014 winter. The re-sults show that this winter training includes the basic ability recovering, altitude training and the special ability strengthening three stages. The proportion of the water-training was gradually increasing, and the proportion of land-training was gradually decreasing. The water-training includes the training of aerobic ability, the mixed aerobic ability, the acid- resisting ability and the speed ability. The proportion of aerobic ability training ranks first in each stage. The proportion of mixed aerobic ability training ranks second, and presents a certain upward trend. The acid- resisting ability training is focused on the second and third stages. The percentage of the speed ability training is lowest, but the ratio of the training course is higher than the acid- resisting training. The land-training focuses on the great strength and strength endurance training. The first and second stages highlight the great strength training and the third stage highlights the strength endurance training. Through 14 weeks of winter training, the oxygen ability, great strength and strength endurance have improved obviously, which reflects the winter training achieved expected goals and tasks.