广元某核企周围居民核与辐射认知调查

Knowledge of Nuclear and Radiation of Residents Around a Nuclear Enterprise in Guangyuan

目的调查某核企周围公众对核电站的认知和态度,了解影响公众对核电站认知和态度的因素。方法按照居住地距某核企的距离,将调查对象分为6层：0~,5~,10~,15~,20~,25~30 km。用问卷调查,入户调查的方式调查某核企周围30 km的居民1 112人。调查问卷共46个问题,包括个人基本情况,对辐射认识的了解,对核企业的态度;对核电站的认识;对核事故的应急等信息。用顺序logistic模型进行多因素分析。结果调查对象对核与辐射相关知识的知晓率仅为16.10%,对核电站的安全性认可度为46.76%;对本地区建设核电站有44.06%表示反对,仅15.47%表示赞成。调查对象中92.90%认为针对核与辐射的科普宣传少或一般,认为宣传多的只占6.65%。文化程度、职业对核与辐射相关知识的知晓率统计分析,差异有统计学意义,在知晓率方面,男女无差别。调查对象的文化程度、性别、家庭年收入、距离、职业等各类人群中对核电站安全性的认可度一定的差距。66.82%的调查对象认为平时很少获得核与辐射等科普知识。在获取相关知识方面,调查对象最希望获取途径为通过电视（42.99%）了解,最相信大学和研究机构的核安全专家（72.30%）的说法。结论文化程度、男性、地方政府处理突发事件的能力是影响核电站认知的正向态度,核电站对健康的影响、对居民的影响、对个人家庭的影响是影响核电站认知的负向态度。这些因素影响了民众对核电站建设的认可。摸清这些因素,有助于国家和地方政府有目的的开展核与辐射的宣传,为科学有效应对核与辐射突发公共事件提供依据,促进广元核能和辐射技术健康发展。

Objective To investigate knowledge of and attitudes towards nuclear power plants of residents around a nuclear enterprise and factors influencing people＇s knowledge and attitudes. Methods Depending on the distance between the residence place and the nuclear enterprise,investigation participants were divided into six strata： 0 ~,5 ~,10 ~,15 ~,20 ~ and 25 ~ 30 km. A household survey of 1 112 residents within 30 km around the nuclear enterprise was conducted using a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 46 questions including general personal information,knowledge of radiation,attitudes towards the nuclear enterprise,knowledge of nuclear power plants,knowledge of emergency response to nuclear accidents,etc. A multivariate analysis was performed using an ordinal logistic model. Results The awareness rate of residents about nuclear and radiation was only 16. 10%; 46. 76% recognized safety of nuclear power plants; 44. 06% opposed to and only15. 47% consented to establishment of nuclear power plants in the local region. 92. 90% considered propagandas on knowledge about nuclear and radiation were insufficient or moderately sufficient, while only6. 65% considered propagandas were fully sufficient. Correlativity between educational backgrounds and occupations and awareness rates of knowledge about nuclear and radiation was statistically analyzed,and statistically significant differences were found. No sexual difference was found in awareness rates. People with different educational backgrounds,sexes,annual family incomes,distances from the nuclear enterprise and occupations showed certain differences in knowledge of safety of nuclear power plants. 66. 82% of investigated residents considered they rarely obtained knowledge about nuclear and radiation in normal time. The investigated residents showed the greatest hope to acquire related knowledge by TV（ 42. 99%） and the greatest trust in nuclear safety experts（ 72. 30%）. Conclusion Educational backgrounds,maleness and abilities of local governments to handle emergencies are factors positively influencing people ＇s attitudes towards nuclear power plants,while effects of nuclear power plants on health,residents and families are negative influencing factors. These factors affect people＇s attitudes towards establishment of nuclear power stations. To identify these factors will help the state and local governments to carry out propagandas on nuclear and radiation in a purposive manner,provide reference for scientific and effective responses to nuclear and radiation public health emergencies and promote healthy development of nuclear energy and radiation technology in Guangyuan.