北海市急性中毒防控措施研究

Research on Prevention and Control Measures Against Acute Poisoning in Beihai City

目的探讨北海市急性中毒特点与防控措施。方法采用流行病学调查方法,收集全市近8年的急性中毒病例(2 127例),作分类分组分析;据其特点提出针对性的措施。结果分析中毒人群的构成特点:年龄以就业年龄(占总病例数的62.12%)、学历以小学以下者(59.11%)、职业以无职业与务农人群(75.26%)的中毒发病最多。分析中毒过程特点:中毒地点以家里(86.63%)、中毒途径以经口(68.47%)及中毒原因以无意识性接触毒物中毒(61.93%)为多。分析各类毒物中毒:以农药类、化学类毒物的中毒病例数最多(共58.12%)。分析各中毒年毒物的中毒:以中毒8年毒物的中毒病例数最高(75.29%)。分析中毒流行病学:地区以农村(55.92%)中毒高于城镇(44.08%),中毒方式以散发(96.38%)明显高于群发中毒(3.62%)。分析中毒流行速度:2006年后平均每年以6.60%的速度在递增。结论北海市急性中毒防控,人群中毒防控以提高就业年龄人群、小学以下低学历者、无职业与务农人群的自我防毒意识与技能为主;中毒过程防控应加强家庭性防毒,防止农药与化学类毒物从口入,防止意外性与自杀性中毒;中毒毒物防控主要加强农村农药类毒物的监管方式;中毒防控策略以农村为主兼顾城镇,应以散发性中毒为主兼顾群发性中毒。

Objective To study the preventive and control measures of acute poisoning in the Beihai city.Methods By epidemiological investigation method,the acute poisoning cases（ n = 2 127） were collected in the city in nearly- eight years,the cases were classified and grouped,and the targeted measures were put forward. Results The patients of employment age took a proportion of 62. 12% of the total; the elementary school or below took a proportion of 59. 11% and jobless and peasants took a proportion of 75. 26%. Poisoning happened at home took 86. 63% and oral poisoning took 68. 47% and unconscious- contact poisoning took 61. 93% of total cases. The poisoning cases of pesticides and chemical were most,accounting for 58. 12% of total cases. The cases of poisoning- eight- year poisons were the（ 75. 29%）. The rural poisoning（ 55. 92%）was higher than that of the urban poisoning（ 44. 08%）,and the sporadic poisoning（ 96. 38%） was higher than the mass poisoning（ 3. 62%） in the poisoning ways. The poisoning cases were increasing at the rate of 6. 60% per year on average after 2006. Conclusion The prevention and control work Beihai should be targeted on vulnerable populations,such as employees,low education population and jobless and peasants. Household poisoning should be closely monitored to prevention pesticide and chemical poisoning,as well as accidental suicide poisoning. More efforts need to be made in the rural monitoring,especially pesticide poison.