莎士比亚悲剧中悲痛感淡化因素新释——以四大悲剧为例

A New Interpretation of Grief Desalination Factors in Shakespeare's Tragedies——Exampled by the Four Great Tragedies

莎士比亚悲剧的构成因素可以分为表层因素和深层因素。从表层来看,死亡的气息和悲剧主人公的巨大过失让悲痛感弥漫;深层因素则是悲剧主人公的性格缺陷被他所处的特定处境诱发。为让悲剧达到悲与美的平衡之境,从表层来看,他通过结局揭示真相、普遍对比原则、预示性场景引发观众假设、塑造有缺陷的主人公等手法来淡化部分因主人公的不幸遭遇而引起的悲痛感;从深层来看,是陌生和虚幻制造的距离使悲痛感得以淡化,从而产生"哀伤但不悲痛"之感。

The factors of Shakespeare＇s tragedies can be divided into surface and deep factors. On the surface, the smell of death and the flaw of the hero make the sadness diffuse. The deep factor is that the hero＇s character flaw is induced by the particular situation. In order to make a balance between sadness and beauty, he employed some methods to dilute the sadness caused by the hero＇s misfortune, such as revealing the truth in the end, following the general contrast principle, causing assumption through apocalypse scenes and shaping flawed heroes. At the deep level, it is the distance between strangeness and imaginary creation that makes the sadness dilute, thus the readers feel sorrow rather than grief.