离心式冷水机组生命周期影响评价及关键影响因素分析

Life Cycle Assessment of Centrifugal Chiller on Environment Impacts and Its Key Influence Factors'

离心式冷水机组市场发展迅速,其生命周期中对环境产生的负面影响也日益受到关注。为了辨识离心式冷水机组全生命周期内环境影响的主要阶段和关键影响因素,为产品的优化设计提供依据,运用生命周期评价方法(LCA),选取CML 2002评价模型对离心式冷水机组的原材料获取、生产、运输、使用和回收再利用全生命周期过程的环境影响进行了定量评价,并对相关参数进行了敏感性分析。评价结果表明:机组整个生命周期环境影响主要体现在气候变暖和酸化,在同温层臭氧减少、富营养化、不可再生资源消耗等方面影响稍小;在造成的环境影响方面,使用和维护阶段的电能消耗是主要环节。敏感性分析结果表明,机组的制冷剂类型、能效水平和运行时间是机组环境影响的关键影响因素。

Centrifugal chiller market is developing rapidly, and its negative impacts on the environment in the life cycle are also increasingly concerned. In order to identify the main stages and the key influence factors of the environment impact of the whole life cycle of the centrifugal chiller, and provide the basis for the optimization design of the product, this study contributed a life cycle assessment （LCA） model and analyzed life cycle environmental assessment by life cycle impact analysis model of CML 2002, which included the environmental impacts of full life cycle, raw material acquisition phase, manufacture phase, use phase, transportation phase, recycling and reused phase. The sensitivity analysis was also provided. The results indicate that life-cycle environmental impacts are mainly in the climate change and the acidification, while exerting little change on the impacts of stratospheric ozone depletion, eutrophication and depletion of abiotic resources etc. Based on the sensitivity analysis, the refrigerant type, energy efficiency and using-time of water chiller are identified as the key driving forces for environment impacts of centrifugal chiller.