柏拉图的灵魂理论及其伦理与哲学意义

Plato's Soul Theory and Its Ethical and Philosophical Significance

柏拉图在古希腊人的灵魂观念和毕泰戈拉学派、奥菲斯教的灵魂思想基础上,创设了自己的灵魂理论,认为人是一种灵魂与身体(肉体)二元对立的存在,灵魂具有不朽性。人们因为"灵魂不朽"而产生对现世罪过的畏惧和对来生幸福的希冀,因此"灵魂不朽"具有重要的伦理意义。"灵魂—身体"、"理念—事物"这两组二元对立关系具有深刻的逻辑关联,从而表明柏拉图的灵魂理论具有重要的哲学意义。柏拉图的灵魂理论对西方古典哲学传统产生了深远影响。

On the basis of reconsidering the concept of soul of the ancient Greeks, the concept of soul of Pythagorean and the Orphicism doctrine of ancient Egypt, Plato systematically stated his own soul theory. Plato believed that man is the presence of a binary opposition of soul and body flesh, the soul has immortality. Because of ＂the immortality of the soul＂ ,People fear retribution and full of awe, so ＂the immortality of the soul＂ has great ethical significance. ＂Soul - Body＂, ＂Idea - Thing＂ these two sets of binary oppositions relations have important logical association, indicating that Plato＇ s soul theory has great philosophical significance. Moreover, Plato＇ s soul theory profound impact on the classical philosophical tradition of the West, therefore, understanding Plato＇ s soul theory is a important prerequisite to understand the whole Platonic philosophy and Western philosophy.