载液铁路罐车超速连挂冲击过程研究

Research on the Impact Process of Heavy Tank Car Over-speed Coupling

为了研究载液铁路罐车超速连挂的冲击过程,采用拉格朗日算法和任意拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)算法建立起载液罐车的有限元模型,采用罚函数约束算法实现罐体结构与液体的流固耦合作用,完成了对载液罐车超速连挂过程的数值模拟,分析了冲击过程中罐内液体的晃动以及罐体结构的力学响应。结果表明:以8km/h超速连挂时,罐车撞击端第2个人孔附近发生微小变形,但其整体结构未受到破坏;冲击过程引起了罐内液体的剧烈晃动,罐体局部应力较大是液体晃动与纵向冲击力共同作用的结果;人孔附近以及上、下罐板连接处属于罐体结构的薄弱部位;为减缓冲击过程中罐内液体的剧烈晃动,有必要在罐体内部加装防波板结构。

In order to study the impact process of heavy tank car over-speed coupling, the finite model of the heavy tank car was built a- dopting Lagrangian method and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Euler （ALE） method. The fluid-structure interaction between tank structure and liquid was realized by the constrained algorithm of penalty function. The over-speed coupling process of the heavy tank car was simula- ted, meanwhile the liquid sloshing and the mechanical response of the tank structure was analyzed during the impact process. The re- sults illustrate that when the over-speed coupling takes place at 8km/h, small deformation occurs near the manhole of the tank car, but its whole structure is not damaged. The impact process causes severe liquid sloshing in the tank and the local large stress of the tank body results from the interaction of liquid sloshing and longitudinal impact. Places near the tank manhole and the junction between the upper and lower tank shells are the weak parts of the tank structure. In order to slow down the severe liquid sloshing in the tank during the impact process, it is necessary to equip the tank car with swash plate in it.