新疆南疆典型地区农业灌溉水质与土壤盐渍化关系的研究

Agricultural Irrigation Water Quality and Soil Salinization in Typical Areas of Southern Xinjiang

【目的】通过对南疆典型地区农业灌溉水质和农田盐渍化程度的调查研究,阐明灌溉水质与农田土壤盐碱状况之间的关系,为咸水和微咸水的高效利用及制订合理的灌溉制度提供依据。【方法】采集分析新疆库尔勒和阿克苏地区灌溉所用的渠水和井水及农田耕层土壤样品,调查研究当地农业灌溉方式和水文条件。【结果】库尔勒、阿克苏地区灌溉用水中含有较高的Cl-、HCO3-和Na+离子。地下灌溉水矿化度较高,水质比地表渠水差。若要用地下水长期灌溉,将可能会加重土壤盐渍化程度,不利于该区域灌溉农业的可持续发展。【结论】库尔勒、阿克苏地区采用渠水灌溉为主,地下水灌溉为辅的"咸淡结合"灌溉模式。

【Objective】With the expansion of irrigation and extrapolation of large- scaled water- saving irrigation,soil salinization has triggered some new problems and shown a new trend in Xinjiang. Through research of the quality of irrigation water and soil salinity for agricultural typical areas in Southern Xinjiang,this project aims to clarify the relationship between irrigation water and soil salinity status of the farmland and provide the basis for the development of rational and efficient use of irrigation systems and saltwater and brackish water.【Method】Samples of soils and irrigation water were collected from the agricultural typical areas of Korla and Aksu prefectures in Southern Xinjiang to research and find out how the local agricultural irrigation and hydrological conditions were.【Result】The results showed that irrigation water in the zone was quite high in Cl^-,HCO_3^- and Na~＋ contents. The underground irrigation water salinity was rather higher and the water quality was worse than surface canal water. Long term groundwater irrigation may aggravate the degree of soil salinization,which would not be conducive to the sustainable development of irrigation agriculture in the region.【Conclusion】It is recommend that Korla and Aksu regions use river water for the main irrigation with groundwater irrigation as ＂ the brackish groundwater irrigation combined irrigation mode.