银鲳的人工繁育研究进展

Advances in the artificially reproductive and breeding studies of silver pomfret,Pampus argenteus

银鲳作为一种重要的海洋经济鱼类,随着人类采捕及环境的变化,野生资源的不断减少。在银鲳生物学特性的研究基础上,开展人工养殖、育种将是未来研究工作的重点内容。银鲳繁殖期一般在每年4月—6月,产卵场主要位于水深10~20 m,盐度26‰~31‰的河流入海口及近海养料、浮游生物丰富的海域;银鲳性腺发育分成I^VI期,因海域温度、光照等条件不同造成性腺发育时期不同。目前,养殖银鲳在性腺发育与野生个体存在较大差异,并且在繁殖季一般饲料不足以提供足够营养,因此应添加桡足类、水母类等作为配合饵料喂养;气泡病、白点病、细菌病等病害对银鲳造成的死亡率极高,因此在人工养殖过程中,应以预防为主,防治结合。基于目前国内外银鲳野生及人工繁育方面的研究,比较了野生和养殖银鲳的性腺、胚胎发育特点,总结了人工亲鱼培育、养殖环境控制、饲料配置等方面的研究结果;针对目前人工养殖环节中存在的问题提出了建议,并对未来银鲳的养殖品质提升、营养饲料、优良种质筛选提出了展望。

As an important marine commercial fish,with the change of environment and human exploitation,the number of wild silver pomfret（ Pampus argenteus） increasingly reduces. On the basis of biological characteristics of silver pomfret,the artificial cultivation and breeding will be the main reducing reason. The reproductive periods are from April to June each year,and the spawning areas are mainly in depth of 10- 20 m and 26‰- 31‰ salinity,close to the river estuary and the coast with abundant nutriment and plankton;the gonadal change of silver pomfret can be divided into phase I ~ VI,and the fish will be different developing period in same time because of temperature and illumination. At present,there is large difference between wild and reared silver pomfret in the development of gonadal tissue,and the ordinary feed is unable to provide adequate nutrition in period of reproduction,so the feed should be added with some supplement such as the copepods and jellyfish; bubbles,white spot and bacterial disease could causes high mortality rate of the fish,hence,in the process of culturing,the cure should be combined with prevention. In this paper,based on current internal and external studies about wild and artificial breeding,we compare the characteristics of gonadal and embryonic development of them,and summarize the research results about culturing parental fish,control of reared environment,component of feed. Based on the current problems existing in the artificial rearing,we put forward some suggestions and the prospect about promotion of culturing quality,nutrition of feed and the screen of qualified strain.