伴性基因遗传平衡中的通式及其在教学中的应用

The general formula about genetic equilibrium of sex-linked gene and its application in teaching

Hardy-Weinberg定律为群体遗传学的理论基石之一,它不仅适用于常染色体上的基因平衡问题,也适用于性连锁基因。常染色体上的一对等位基因的平衡问题由于不涉及性别,其平衡特点较为简单,容易被理解,而伴性基因则不然。对伴性基因的遗传平衡特点进行了详细的阐述,并给出了伴性基因遗传平衡中的2个通式。在教学过程中,结合这2个通式,利用Excel软件的公式输入与作图功能,即可生动地展示伴性基因遗传平衡中的振荡过程,从而取得良好的教学效果。

Hardy-Weinberg is one of the theoretical foundations of population genetics,which is not only applicable to the gene balance problem of the autosome,but also applicable to the sex-linked genes. The equilibrium problem of a pair of genes on the autosome is relatively simple and easy to be understood because it is not related to gender,whereas the sex-linked genes do not. The genetic equilibrium characteristics of sex-linked genes were described in detail,and two general formulas were given at the same time in this paper. In the process of teaching,the genetic equilibrium oscillation process of sex-linked genes can be vividly displayed by using the two formulas,and the formula input and mapping function of Excel software,so as to achieve a good teaching effect.