基于GIS的避洪转移分析技术研究

GIS Network Analysis Technology for Flood Evacuation Routes

为减少洪水溃堤造成的洪灾生命损失,快速高效组织人员撤离避险,详细介绍了避洪转移分析流程,探讨了GIS网络分析技术在避洪转移分析中的应用方法。该方法包括路网数据的拓扑检查与处理、路网数据集的建立、转移单元与安置点的合理配置、避险最优路径计算分析等。并以浑河右岸某段堤防溃堤为例,实现了避洪转移最短路径搜索,绘制避洪转移路线图。结果表明:应用GIS技术可方便得出避险转移最优路径、提高转移效率、节约转移成本,绘制的避险转移图及方法等能为防洪应急预案的制定提供科学参考。

In order to reduce life loss caused by flood dam-break and effectively organize staff to withdraw from dangerous area,we introduce in detail the technology of flood evacuation route analysis,and discuss the procedures of using GIS-based network analysis technology to calculate flood evacuation routes. These procedures include topological check and manipulation of road network,establishing of digital road network model,optimal matching between transfer unit and evacuation shelter,and optimal calculation of evacuation routes. Then,we take dam-break at the right bank of Hunhe river,located in Liaoning province,as an example. We realize the nearest route searching for evacuation and draw evacuation map. The results show that,GIS network analysis technology is convenient for calculating optimal evacuation route,and can help us increase the efficiency and save cost during evacuation. The flood evacuation map and evacuation method from GIS technology can be references for emergency plans on flood control.