论秦山核电应急环境监测与操作干预水平的有机融合

Integration of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant Emergency Environmental Monitoring and Operational Intervention Levels

由于干预水平不能在野外快速地加以测量,在实际运用有一定的困难,所以操作干预水平(OIL)已成为核电厂在核事故情况下提出公众防护建议的主要依据之一。目前,国内的大部分核电厂均已事先根据电厂自身的机组特征(事故源项)和环境特征(气象条件等)确定了适用于本电厂的操作干预水平初始值。但操作干预水平(OIL)在核电厂发生核事故的情况下,如何得到有效的执行和及时的修订,目前对许多核电厂来说还是存在着相当大的难度。秦山核电针对操作干预水平(OIL)执行和修订时的难点所在,凭借着多年的实践和运行经验,对秦山核电环境监测系统进行了大量创新性的改造和升级,并巧妙地将应急环境监测与操作干预水平(OIL)进行了融合,使得操作干预水平(OIL)执行和修订时的许多难点迎刃而解。这种融合的成果已在近年的场内外联合应急演习及场内综合应急演习中得到了检验,并获得了核应急专家和考评人员的一致认可。文章将对以上内容进行详细的介绍,希望能为业内同行开拓思路并提供借鉴价值。

Since the intervention level can not be quickly measured in the field, there are certain difficulties in practice. In this case, the operational intervention level（OIL） has become one of the main basis for nuclear power plants to make public protection recommendations in case of nuclear accidents. Currently most of the nuclear power plants have determined the initial value of OIL according to its own unit characteristics（ accident source term） and environmental characteristics（weather conditions, etc. ）. But how to effectively and timely implement and amend OIL when accident happens is still considered as difficult for most of the nuclear power plants.Aiming the difficulties in OIL implementation and revision, Qinshan Nuclear power plant innovatively transform and upgrade the environmental monitoring system with its years of practice and operational experience, fusing the environmental monitoring and OIL skillfully which successfully solved difficulties in OIL implementation and revision. This achievement has been verified in OTC joint emergency drills and emergency exercises in recent years, and received the unanimous endorsement from nuclear emergency experts and evaluation staff. This article would discuss the above content in detail, hoping to explore new ideas and provide reference for industry peers.